Ornek Model Cumleleri
He may have been waiting for us. (0 bizim icin beklemekte olabilir.)
He may have resigned. (0 istifa etmis olabilir.)
They must be studying now. (Onlar «çalısiyor olmah.)
She must have been developing a new method. (0 yeni bir metot gelistirmekte olmah)
He was able to see his boss. (0 patronunu gb'rebildi.)
He has been able to see his boss. (0 patronunu görebilmis.)
He had been able to see his boss. (0 patronunu gorebilmisti.)
The two sides, could have resolved the dispute. (Iki taraf anlasmazhgi «çozebilirlerdi.)
Unreal yapi oldugu için cumle olumlu gorulmesine karsin olumsuz anlamdadir.
Resolve: çözmek (bir problemi, bir sorunu...)
Solve: çözmek (kimyasal anlamda)
Settle halletmek
Bu cumlede, KPDS i^in hayati onemde olan '^>Hte"kelimesinin koku ve turevlerini ogrenecek olursak:
Pute, Latince kb'kenli bir kelime olup, "Pu ta re" den gelir. "Putare" hesaplamak, dusunmek anlamindadir. Genelde bu kelime kokunun anlamina gore turevleri 9evrilir.
Dispute: dis = olumsuzluk, pute = dusunmek, Dispute = anlasmazhk, tartisma Compute: com = beraber, Compute = beraber dusunmek, Computer: Bilgisayar. Repute: tekrar dusunulen, un, sohret. Impute: su^lamak, itham etmek
I should have turned down their proposal. (Onerilerini ret etmis olmahydim.)
She has to have sold her car. (O arabasini satmis olmahydi.)
They ought to have submitted their report. (Onlar raporlanni sunmus olmahydilar.) Submitte: sunmak
We had to sell all our properties. (Turn mallanmizi satmamiz gerekti.)
Property: mal, mulk, esya.
People shouldn't have exalted the statue of computers. (Insanlann bilgisayar statusunu yuceltmeleri gerekmezdi.)
Exalt: yukseltmek, ovmek, yuceltmek.
He shouldn't have revealed my secret.(Sirlarimi a<;iga 9ikarmasi gerekmezdi; ... jjikarmamahydi.)
Reveal: a<;iga 9ikarmak, gostermek, a9iklamak
You oughtn't to have said all these to him. (Bunlann tumunu ona soylemen gerekmezdi.)
We had to discharge this patient. (Hastayi taburcu etmek zorunda kaldik.)
Discharge: taburcu etmek.
We must have seen him. (Onu gb'rmus olmahyiz.)
****Can ile olumlu perfect modal yapilamaz. "Can + Have V311 yapisi yoktur. Yani;
He can have said this seklinde bir cumle kuramayiz. Ama olumsuz yapida olabilir. "Can't + Have V311 seklinde cumle kurulabilir. Ornek verecek olursak;
She can't have killed her friend. (O arkadasini bldurmus olamaz.)
They should have considered hte offer. (Oneriyi dusunmus olmahydilar.)
He must have gone. (O eve gitmis olmah.)
He may not have brought it. (Onu almis olmayabilir.)
She may not have passed the exam. (O sinavi gecmis olmayabilir.)
He is able to realize his goal. (0 amacini ger9eklestirebilir.)
He was able to realize his goal. (0 amacini ger9eklestirebildi.)
He had been able to realize his goal. (0 amacini gerseklestirebilmisti.)
We could have passed the exam. (Sinavi gecmis olabilirdik.)
We might have had an accident. (Kaza yapmis olabilirdik. Ya kaza yapsaydik olarak da 9evrilebilir.)
Inilizceyi Ingiltere'de ogrenmis olabilirdik. (We could have learnt English in England.)
Evimizi satmamis olabilirdik. (We could not have sold our house.)
Sen ayagini kirnrus olabilirdin. (You might have broken your leg.)
He had to reject salary rise. (Maas artisini ret etmesi gerekti.)
Ject: atmak, firlatmak anlamindadir. Latince kokenli olup, Ingilizce'ye "ject", Fransizca'ya "jet" olarak ge9mistir. Turkje'de, Fransizca'dan geldigi i<;in "jet"(u9ak) olarak kullanihr. KPDS i<;in onemli bir kelimedir. Turevleri ile birlikte 90k iyi bilinmesi gerekir.
Inject: In = i9ine, ject = atmak, Inject = i9ine atmak, enjekte etmek, igne yapmak
Reject: Re = yeniden, Reject = yeniden atmak, ret etmek
Eject: disanya dogru atmak. (teyplerde vardir.)
Object: ...e atmak, itiraz etmek, karsi 9ikmak.
Project: Pro = ileriye, ...nin yerine, Project = ...nin yerine atmak, tasarlamak.
The committe members could have given more concession. (Komite uyeleri daha fazla odun verebilirlerdi.)
***Concession: taviz, odun, ayncahk. KPDS' de 9okge9iyor. Iyi bilinmeli.
He ought to have provided us with more accurate data. (Bize daha dogru bilgiler saglamis olmahydi.)
Provide: temin etmek, saglamak. Onemli bir kelime ve KPDS' de de sorulmus onemli bir ozelligi var. Eger "provide", sonrasinda saglanan nesne belli ise, "with" ile ge9is yapar. Yukandaki cumlede saglanan sey "daha dogru bilgi"dir. Yani nesne belli oldugu i9in "with" ile ge9is yapmistir.
Provition: teminat
Accurate: dogru. "cure = tedavi "den koken ahr.
Accuracy: dogruluk
Accuratly: dogru bir 9ekilde
Inaccurate: yanhs
inaccuracy: yanhshk
Inaccuratly: yanhs Ыг sekilde
Data: veri. Latince ash "Datum"dur. Latince'de sonu "m" lie biten kelimeler Ingilizce'ye ge$ince "a" lie sonuclanirlar.
The Gaverment must have overcome the economic recession in Irak. (Hukumet, Irak'ta ekonomik durgunlugun ustesinden gelmis olmah.)
Recession: (ekonomik) durgunluk. Cocession ve Recession kelimeleri her bir KPDS' sinavinda en az 20-30 defa gec.er. Bu nedenle 90k iyi bilinmesi gerekir.
Overcome: ustesinden eelmek
2 Mayıs 2010 Pazar
have been yapısı edilgen yapı passive voice
EDİLGEN YAPI (= PASSIVE)
Melekler Mekanı - Passive Voice (Edilgen Yapı)
1. KULLANIM
İngilizcede passive yapı be + V3 yapısı ile olur. Be yüklemi tümcenin zamanınauygun olarak am, is, are, was, were, be, been hallerinden birini alır. Türkçede ise edilgen yapı "yüklem + -Il/In" yapısı ile oluşturulur.
2. ZAMANLAR VE YARDIMCI YÜKLEMLERDE PASSIVE
Simple Present
English is spoken in many countries.
İngilizce bir çok ülkede konuşulmakta.
Present Continuous
The house is being decorated.
Present Perfect
She has been informed.
Present Perfect Continuous
The research has been being done. (Kullanılmaz!)
Simple Past
I was informed.
Past Continuous
I was being followed.
Past Perfect
He had been misunderstood.
Past Perfect Continuous
I had been being questioned for hours. (Kullanılmaz!)
Future
will
It will be completed on time.
going to
They are going to be invited.
continuous
You will be being informed soon. (Kullanılmaz!)
perfect
It will have been opened by next week.
Modal verbs
gelecekte zorunlu hizmet olmaktan çıkarılabilir.
B. Yakın gelecekte zorunlu askerlik hizmeti kaldırılabilir.
C. Zorunlu askerlikhizmeti yakında kaldırılacak.
D. Zorunlu askerlikhizmeti yakın gelecekte kaldırılabilmeli
E. Zorunlu askerlikhizmetini kaldırılması yakın geleceğe kaldı.
She ..... better instructions about the project; then, she wouldn't have made these mistakes.
A. must gave given
B. ought to be given
C. should have been given
D. was able to give
E. was given3. PASSIVE ANLAM TAŞIYAN YÜKLEMLER
Bazı yüklemler, tümceye göre, passive anlam taşıyarak kullanılabilirler.
Your report reads well.
The new Ford is selling badly.
It is a nice material, but it doesn't wash.
Şu kullanıma dikkat:
prove possible/difficult/.. = be + proved possible/difficult/...
4. ACTIVE TÜMCENİN NESNESİNİN BİR CLAUSE OLMASI
Örneklerde de görüleceği gibi, active bir tümcenin nesnesinin bir clause olması durumunda
People believed (that) the witches communicated with the devil.
bu tümce çeşitli durumlarda passive yapılabilir.
It was believed that the witches communicated with the devil.
The witches were believed to communicate with the devil.
That the witches communicated with the devil was believed.
Bu tür passive tümcelere bir diğer örnek:
Nobody knew whether he was telling the truth.
It was not known whether he was telling the truth.
Whether he was telling the truth was not known.
5. INFINITIVE YAPININ PASSIVE HALİ
5.1. be to + passive
a) Gereksinim
These carpets are to be cleaned regularly. (=should be cleaned)
This form is to be filled in in ink.
There is a lot of work to be done.
Mars is the firstplanet ......
A. to discover
B. to be discovered
C. was discovered
D. been discovered
E. to be discovering
b) will anlamında
An offer as generous as this one is not to be refused.
5.2. be + to be seen / found / congratulated
He was nowhere to be seen.
The dog was nowhere to be found.
5.3. be + to blame yapısı be + to be blamed anlamında
Nobody is to blame for the accident.
5.4. anything / nothing + to do / to be done
There is nothing to do.
There is nothing to be done.
5.5. supposed to
I am supposed to be at home
gibi bir tümce iki tamamen farklı anlam taşıyabilir:
[1] = Everyone supposes that I'm at home.
[2] = I should be at home now.
Uygun anlam "bağlam" yolu ile anlaşılabilir.
5.6. to have been + V3
to have been + V 3 yapısı perfect / past anlam taşıdığından
I would like to be invited
tümcesi Türkçeye
Davet edilmeyi isterim. / Keşke davet edilsem
şeklinde aktarılabilirken,
I would like to have been invited
tümcesi
Davet edilmiş olmayı isterdim. / Keşke beni davet etselerdi
şeklinde Türkçeye aktarılabilir.
Mr Anderson is thought to ..... because there is no apparent reason why he should commit suicide.
A. be killing
B. kill
C. have killed
D. have been killed
E. have been killing
5.7. get + (nesne) + V3
İngilizcede edilgen yapıda be + V3 yerine get + V3 kullanılabilmektedir.
How did the window get broken ?
His money got stolen.
Melekler Mekanı - Passive Voice (Edilgen Yapı)
1. KULLANIM
İngilizcede passive yapı be + V3 yapısı ile olur. Be yüklemi tümcenin zamanına
2. ZAMANLAR VE YARDIMCI YÜKLEMLERDE PASSIVE
Simple Present
English is spoken in many countries.
İngilizce bir çok ülkede konuşulmakta.
Present Continuous
The house is being decorated.
Present Perfect
She has been informed.
Present Perfect Continuous
The research has been being done. (Kullanılmaz!)
Simple Past
I was informed.
Past Continuous
I was being followed.
Past Perfect
He had been misunderstood.
Past Perfect Continuous
I had been being questioned for hours. (Kullanılmaz!)
Future
will
It will be completed on time.
going to
They are going to be invited.
continuous
You will be being informed soon. (Kullanılmaz!)
perfect
It will have been opened by next week.
Modal verbs
can + be + V3
could + be + V3
had better + be + V3
have to + be + V3
may + be + V3
might + be + V3
must + be + V3
need to + be + V3
ought to + be + V3
shall + be + V3
should + be + V3
used to + be + V3
would + be + V3
would rather + be + V3
could + be + V3
had better + be + V3
have to + be + V3
may + be + V3
might + be + V3
must + be + V3
need to + be + V3
ought to + be + V3
shall + be + V3
should + be + V3
used to + be + V3
would + be + V3
would rather + be + V3
Compulsary military service can be abolished in the near future.
A. Askerlik yakın B. Yakın gelecekte zorunlu askerlik hizmeti kaldırılabilir.
C. Zorunlu askerlik
D. Zorunlu askerlik
E. Zorunlu askerlik
She ..... better instructions about the project; then, she wouldn't have made these mistakes.
A. must gave given
B. ought to be given
C. should have been given
D. was able to give
E. was given3. PASSIVE ANLAM TAŞIYAN YÜKLEMLER
Bazı yüklemler, tümceye göre, passive anlam taşıyarak kullanılabilirler.
Your report reads well.
The new Ford is selling badly.
It is a nice material, but it doesn't wash.
Şu kullanıma dikkat:
prove possible/difficult/.. = be + proved possible/difficult/...
4. ACTIVE TÜMCENİN NESNESİNİN BİR CLAUSE OLMASI
Örneklerde de görüleceği gibi, active bir tümcenin nesnesinin bir clause olması durumunda
People believed (that) the witches communicated with the devil.
bu tümce çeşitli durumlarda passive yapılabilir.
It was believed that the witches communicated with the devil.
The witches were believed to communicate with the devil.
That the witches communicated with the devil was believed.
Bu tür passive tümcelere bir diğer örnek:
Nobody knew whether he was telling the truth.
It was not known whether he was telling the truth.
Whether he was telling the truth was not known.
5. INFINITIVE YAPININ PASSIVE HALİ
5.1. be to + passive
a) Gereksinim
These carpets are to be cleaned regularly. (=should be cleaned)
This form is to be filled in in ink.
There is a lot of work to be done.
Mars is the first
A. to discover
B. to be discovered
C. was discovered
D. been discovered
E. to be discovering
b) will anlamında
An offer as generous as this one is not to be refused.
5.2. be + to be seen / found / congratulated
He was nowhere to be seen.
The dog was nowhere to be found.
5.3. be + to blame yapısı be + to be blamed anlamında
Nobody is to blame for the accident.
5.4. anything / nothing + to do / to be done
There is nothing to do.
There is nothing to be done.
5.5. supposed to
I am supposed to be at home
gibi bir tümce iki tamamen farklı anlam taşıyabilir:
[1] = Everyone supposes that I'm at home.
[2] = I should be at home now.
Uygun anlam "bağlam" yolu ile anlaşılabilir.
5.6. to have been + V3
to have been + V 3 yapısı perfect / past anlam taşıdığından
I would like to be invited
tümcesi Türkçeye
Davet edilmeyi isterim. / Keşke davet edilsem
şeklinde aktarılabilirken,
I would like to have been invited
tümcesi
Davet edilmiş olmayı isterdim. / Keşke beni davet etselerdi
şeklinde Türkçeye aktarılabilir.
Mr Anderson is thought to ..... because there is no apparent reason why he should commit suicide.
A. be killing
B. kill
C. have killed
D. have been killed
E. have been killing
5.7. get + (nesne) + V3
İngilizcede edilgen yapıda be + V3 yerine get + V3 kullanılabilmektedir.
How did the window get broken ?
His money got stolen.
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